Standard tuning provides reasonably simple fingering ( fret-hand movement) for playing standard scales and basic chords in all major and minor keys. This is to reduce the need for ledger lines in music written for the instrument, and thus simplify the reading of notes when playing the guitar. The guitar is a transposing instrument that is, music for guitars is notated one octave higher than the true pitch.
In scientific pitch notation, the guitar's standard tuning consists of the following notes: E 2– A 2– D 3– G 3– B 3– E 4. Standard tuning is the tuning most frequently used on a six-string guitar and musicians assume this tuning by default if a specific alternate (or scordatura) is not mentioned. In standard tuning, the C-major chord has multiple shapes because of the irregular major-third between the G- and B-strings. Communities of guitarists who share a common musical tradition often use the same or similar tuning styles. There are hundreds of these tunings, often with small variants of established tunings. The term guitar tunings may refer to pitch sets other than standard tuning, also called nonstandard, alternative, or alternate. To aid in memorising these notes, mnemonics are used, for example, Eddy Ate Dynamite, Good Bye Eddy. Standard tuning is used by most guitarists, and frequently used tunings can be understood as variations on standard tuning. Standard tuning defines the string pitches as E, A, D, G, B, and E, from the lowest pitch (low E 2) to the highest pitch (high E 4).
This sometimes confuses beginner guitarists, since the highest-pitched string is referred to as the 1st string, and the lowest-pitched is the 6th string. By convention, the notes are ordered and arranged from the lowest-pitched string (i.e., the deepest bass-sounding note) to the highest-pitched string (i.e., the highest sounding note), or the thickest string to thinnest, or the lowest frequency to the highest. Tunings are described by the particular pitches that are made by notes in Western music. Guitar tunings are the assignment of pitches to the open strings of guitars, including acoustic guitars, electric guitars, and classical guitars.
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